Overview
In today’s industrial field, solid-liquid separation technology plays a vital role. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the enhancement of resource recycling awareness and the continuous pursuit of production efficiency, the Decanter Centrifuge has become one of the key separation equipment in many industries with its efficient, continuous and automated separation capabilities. This article will comprehensively introduce the working principle, operation process, core technical characteristics and typical applications of the Decanter Centrifuge in various industries to help readers gain a deeper understanding of this modern industrial tool.
Basic Principle of Decanter Centrifuge
Decanter Centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to achieve solid-liquid separation. Its core working principle is to separate solids and liquids of different densities into layers in the drum through the centrifugal field generated by high-speed rotation, and discharge them continuously through the screw conveyor to achieve automatic separation.
Structural Composition
Decanter Centrifuge is mainly composed of the following parts:
Bowl: Cylindrical shell, high-speed rotation to generate centrifugal force, used to separate materials of different densities.
Screw Conveyor: Coaxially installed with the drum, but with a differential speed, used to push the settled solids to the slag outlet.
Spindle and differential: Control the differential speed of the drum and the screw to ensure that the solid material can be continuously transported.
Feeding system: The central feed pipe evenly introduces the mixed liquid into the drum.
Liquid outlet and slag outlet: Used to discharge clarified liquid and dehydrated solid materials respectively.
Separation process
The working process of the horizontal screw centrifuge can be simplified into the following steps:
The mixed liquid enters the center of the drum through the feed pipe;
As the drum rotates at high speed, the centrifugal force throws the denser solids to the outer wall to form a sediment layer;
The clarified liquid is located in the middle or inner layer and is discharged through the overflow port;
The solid sediment is continuously discharged along the conical end to the slag outlet under the push of the screw conveyor.
This process realizes continuous, automated, and closed separation operations, which can meet various industrial needs.
Decanter Centrifuge operation process and key control parameters
In order to ensure efficient and stable operation of the equipment, the operation of Decanter Centrifuge requires certain skills and parameter settings.
Overview of operation process
Start the equipment: Check the lubrication system, electronic control system, and feed pipeline, and start the main motor and differential motor after confirming that they are correct;
Set the speed and differential speed: Set a reasonable drum speed (generally 20004000 rpm) and differential speed (550 rpm) according to the characteristics of the material;
Start feeding: Turn on the feed pump to stably transport the material to be processed into the equipment;
Monitor the operating status: Real-time monitoring of key indicators such as torque, liquid cleanliness, and slag dryness;
Shutdown and cleaning: Before shutting down, the feed should be turned off first, and the internal material should be cleaned by idling for 5 minutes, and then the motor should be turned off in sequence according to the procedure, the liquid should be emptied, and the equipment should be cleaned and maintained.
Key parameter control
Drum speed: Determines the separation factor. The higher the speed, the greater the separation force, but the higher the energy consumption.
Differential speed: Controls the solid residence time and conveying speed, directly affecting the dehydration effect;
Liquid level depth (liquid ring depth): affects the cleanliness of the liquid. The deeper the liquid level, the less solid content in the clarified liquid, but the energy consumption is slightly higher;
Feed concentration and flow rate: Keep stable to avoid sudden changes that affect the separation efficiency.
Intelligent adjustment through automated control systems (such as PLC + HMI touch screen) can greatly improve the operating efficiency and safety of the equipment.
Main technical advantages of decanter centrifuge
Decanter centrifuge is widely used in the field of solid-liquid separation. The root of its success lies in its multiple advantages:
Continuous and automated operation
Traditional separation methods such as filter pressing and natural sedimentation require intermittent operation, while decanter centrifuge can achieve continuous and uninterrupted operation, greatly improving production efficiency.
High-efficiency separation capacity
With the help of high-speed centrifugal force field, it can achieve difficult separation tasks with solid content as low as 0.1% and particle size as small as 1μm.
Closed structure, environmentally friendly and clean
The entire treatment process is completed in a closed environment, without odor or dust, in line with current environmental protection regulations.
Energy saving and consumption reduction
Modern decanter centrifuges are equipped with frequency converters and intelligent speed control systems, which can automatically adjust power according to load, saving energy significantly.
Modular design and easy maintenance
Standardized components facilitate quick replacement of wear parts (such as spiral blades and slag outlet sleeves), reducing maintenance costs and time.
As the main equipment in the field of solid-liquid separation, the decanter centrifuge has become an indispensable technical equipment in industries such as sewage treatment, oilfield development, food manufacturing, and chemical and pharmaceutical industries due to its high efficiency, stability, and environmental protection. With the continuous innovation of separation technology and the continuous upgrading of material processes, the decanter centrifuge will continue to expand its application boundaries and provide strong support for more industries to achieve efficient resource utilization and clean production.
