Classification by working principl
Filter centrifuge
The filter centrifuge in the solid control system uses filter media, such as screens or filter cloths, to effectively separate solid particles from the fluid. As the fluid with solid particles enters the centrifuge drum, the centrifugal force causes the liquid to exit through small holes in the drum, while the solid particles are trapped on the filter cloth, forming a cake. This kind of centrifuge is ideal for materials with large, regular-shaped solid particles that do not easily clog the filter material. For instance, it can effectively remove sand particles from drilling fluid to protect the drilling equipment from wear. The centrifuge features a simple structure, easy operation, high efficiency in separating solids from liquids, and rapid solid-liquid separation. However, it does have some limitations, such as lower effectiveness in separating fine particles and the need for regular replacement or cleaning of the filter material due to clogging.
Sedimentation centrifuge
The decanter centrifuge uses the difference in sedimentation speed between solid particles and liquid in the centrifugal field to achieve effective separation. In the solid control system, the mixture enters the centrifuge drum, which rotates at high speed to generate strong centrifugal force. The solid particles with higher density quickly settle on the drum wall, while the liquid with lower density is located in the center of the drum. Both are discharged through a special device. This centrifuge is particularly effective for suspensions with fine particles. For example, in oil drilling, it can effectively purify drilling fluids and improve their performance by separating most of the cuttings. A major advantage of this centrifuge is that it can handle solid particles of various sizes, has a strong effect on fine particles, does not require filter media, and eliminates the risk of clogging. However, its separation accuracy is relatively low and may not be suitable for materials with small density differences. In addition, its equipment structure is complex and the maintenance cost is high.
Separation centrifuge (mainly disc centrifuge)
Disc centrifuges, equipped with multiple discs on a drum and narrow channels formed in between, are frequently utilized in solid control systems. When a mixture is introduced into the drum, centrifugal force causes solid particles with higher density to deposit on the lower surface of the disc and liquid with lower density to flow upwards along the disc and exit through a designated outlet. These centrifuges are highly effective in processing emulsions and complex mixtures with varying densities. They are applied in the food processing industry for separating oils and fats, in the chemical industry for separating emulsions, and in certain solid control systems for separating mixtures with oil, water, and solid particles. The main advantages of disc centrifuges include high efficiency, precise separation, and the ability to separate multiple components with different densities simultaneously. However, they have a complex structure, require skilled operation and maintenance, and tend to be more expensive.
Classification by speed
Low-speed centrifuge
This solid control system utilizes a low-speed centrifuge with a speed range of 1000-3000r/min, specifically designed for separating larger solids. Its centrifugal force is minimal, making it ideal for simple construction mud treatment where larger soil particles need to be separated from mud. The equipment has low mechanical strength requirements, resulting in a lower overall cost. Additionally, it is user-friendly and guarantees stable operation, making it a suitable option for situations that do not require high separation accuracy.
High-speed centrifuge
A high-speed centrifuge typically operates between 3000 and 10000r/min. It is often used in solid control systems to process smaller solid particles, such as in the separation of finer impurities from chemical materials. This is made possible by the strong centrifugal force provided by the high-speed centrifuge. While its effectiveness is higher than that of a low-speed centrifuge, the costs of manufacturing and operation are also higher, requiring a balance and stability in its use.
Ultracentrifuge
The ultracentrifuge runs at a speed exceeding 10,000 r/min, making it suitable for separating extremely fine particles and achieving precise solid-liquid separation. This is particularly useful in the production of high-end electronic materials that contain ultrafine particles. However, the ultracentrifuge comes with a high equipment cost and requires strict operation and maintenance by specialized technicians.